URSULA TOYKA

The Splendours of Paradise

Murals and Epigraphic Documents at the

Early Ming Buddhist Monastery Fahai Si

A true gem of Chinese Buddhist mural painting is to be found in the Beijing Western Mountains in a monastery of the Chan tradition, the Fahai Chan Si (“Chan Monastery of the Sea of the Law”), which because of its eminent importance was recently declared as a national treasure. Dazzling with its rich display of colours and stucco reliefs covered with layers of gold, the outstanding features of the Fahai Si murals are their artistic quality, iconography, cultural and historical value, and state of preservation.

This richly illustrated study analyses the pictorial program of the murals in the main sanctuary, focusing on life-size portraits of the “Twenty Deities,” which surround the main altar in procession. Based on the earliest extant textual evidence, the author explains the iconography and ritual function of this unique representation in the Buddhist world, identified in rare instances by other representations. The entire set of the Fahai Si murals are comparable in concept, style and composition to related religious paintings, news of which had earlier never reached outside China. Contributing to a contextual understanding of Chinese painting history, the study reveals activities of a so-far unknown imperial painting workshop and Tibetan Buddhist influences present in 15th century Beijing. An extensive corpus of inscriptions on stelae, pillars and a bronze bell preserved on the temple grounds is for the first time completely translated and understood as a record of the stunning history of this monastery in the context of Ming dynasty temple building. The cross-cultural character of this project sponsored by the imperial court elucidates an important period of post-medieval Buddhist art and society in China.


“It is hard to think of a single Chinese work of art, of whatever era or medium, which has been subjected to the degree of detailed scrutiny afforded in this substantial and significant monograph to the famous programme of murals which adorn the walls of the Fahai Chan Si (“Chan Monastery of the Sea of Law”).”

Craig Clunas in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

CONTENTS


VOLUME 1
   Introduction
   Chapter I: Survey of the Site, Its Traditions and Structures
   Chapter II: The Historical Con-text According to Qing Dynasty Records
   Chapter III: The Epigraphic Documents
   Chapter IV: The Imag-es in the Central Section of the Daxiong Baodian
   Chapter V: The Images in the Rear Section of the Daxiong Baodian:
          Genesis and Iconography
   Chapter VI: The Pantheon of Twenty Deities and Related
          Configurations in Ritual Context
   Chapter VII: The Murals Depicting Twenty Deities in Two Facing Sections
   Chapter VIII: Principles of Figure Painting reflected in the Fahai Si Murals
   Chapter IX: Artistic Visions of Celestial Assemblies
   Conclusion

VOLUME 2
   Bibliography - Glossary of Chinese Terms – Index – List of Painters –
   Annex – List of Figures – Figures – List of Plates – Plates – Postscript

 

Monumenta Serica
Monograph Series LXIII / 1-2

ISBN 978-3-8050-0617-0
ISSN 0179-261X